Fluid-motor or pump.



A. SUNDH.

' FLUID MOTOR 0R PUMP.

APPLICATION -HLED APR. 8, 1913.

1.159,6 1 O. Patented Nv. 9,1915.

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A. SUNDH.

Patented Nov. 9, 1915.

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UNITED STATES PATET OFFICE.

AUGUST SUNDH, OF HAS'JING-S-IJ'PON-HUDSON, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR T0 OTIS ELEVATOR COMPANY, .A CORPORATION OF NEW JERSEY.

FLUID-Mormon PUMP.

` citizen of the United States, residing at vices employing a plurality of reciprocating' Hastings-upon-Hudson, in the county of Westchester and State of New York, have invented a new and useful Improvement in .Fluid-Motors or Pumps, of which the followingis a specification. Y

My invention relates to fluid motors or pumps, and more particularly to such depistons or plungers.

An object of the invention is the provision of a simple, practical and efiicient fluid'mo- .tor which requires a minimum amount of space and which develops great power.

Another object of the invention is the provision of a fluid pressure motor or engine of the reciprocating type which will deliver its .power with a substantially uniform torque at all speeds.

A further object of the invention is the provision of a balanced multi-cylinder fluid pressuremotor in which all friction losses are reduced to a minimum thereby making it possible to obtain an unusually high degree of eiiiciency.

A further object of the invention is the provision of a valveless multi-cylinder motor of the reciprocating type which is made up of few parts, all of which are extremely rugged and of generous proportions, and which are easily accessible for inspection. or repairs.

Other objects of the invention will appear hereinafter, the novel combinations of elements being pointed out in the appended claims.

Broadly speaking, a motor constructed according to my invention comprises a plurality of units, each of which consists of a plurality of double-acting oscillatingv cylinders radially disposed about a common center, the cranks of each unit being connected to, or integral with, a common crank shaft, the angle of the cranks being such that the resultant torque or turning moment is substantially constant during a complete revolution of the crank shaft.

It will be conceded by those who are familiar with fluid pressure motors, that the reciprocating` type of motor is for many reasons superior to those which do not use the reciprocating principle, among the latter Specification of Letters Patent.

Application led April 8, 1913. Serial No. 759,601.

Patented Nov. 9, 1,915.

type may be mentioned those which use gears', vanes, etc., which may be broadly classified as rotary motors. While the reciprocating motor, 'when well constructed, possesses high eii'iciency and a long and usefullife, its valve action is usually complicated and liable to get out of order and the power it delivers is not uniform in that the torque continually varies with each changing position of the pistons. lVhile for some few power purposes this changing torque is 0f no great moment, there are many cases when a varying torque is not only objectionable but positively prohibitive. A good ex-v ample of this latter case is found in a power driven passenger elevator or hoist, particularly where the motor is operated at slow rotary speeds. the varying torque of the motor effecting an intermittent motion of the elevator car which is very noticeable and 0bjectionable.

In the drawings accompanying this specilication, Figure l is a sectional elevation view through the center of one of the power units of a motor constructed according to my invention; Fig. 2 is a sectional View of the motor taken at right angles to Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is a diagram. showing the crank setting.

Like reference characters denote similar parts in all of the figures.

Referring to the drawings which represent a iuid pressure motor containing an embodiment of my invention iii its preferred form, it will be seen that-the motor comprises three similar units designated by the numerals 1, '2 and 3, and each unit consists of a plurality of double acting cylinders whose pistons 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 are connected to a common crank pin 9,secured to, or made integralwith, a three-throw crankshaft 10. For purposes lof illustration `I have shown three units of five cylinders each, but while these respective numbers of units and cylinders are best suited for the purpose, it is to be understood that under certain conditions' stuliing box and piston guide neeted et one end to th [el ether e i pair or cylinder :lieti part et ite4 eireunrtereuc which Carried bjr i: eirei resine;

in the cored in the disk il, i

upper end of the (.jvlinde i 3 a J on the Surface oi' the disk it risubetantizlly treni the axis of the cylinder here. tltw tional@v ports :2O and 21% are himated .in the web 1'( and bushing' i6 and are adapted alternatel)Y to register with the eif'linder pti-rt lf) as the dink 11 oseillates. The port communicates with a Chamber 2 which is one of a eeiies ot interconnected chambers l in the easing, While the port eouurusnieates .vith a rhaiuher 23, which is. in like manner. one ot' a serien oit in Chambers :23. The lnvfer end nl: bore l2 connected by a portll cored in. the @vlinder liek l1 and adapted alternately to register with the cti-acting etatimiarf.T ports and 2G, in the bushing and web M3; the said statfwnamv parte leading into the chambers "2l and 2". respertivelv. The in tereonngt rhambere are :adapted le receive iluid under pressure while the inter-- roiineeted Chaudire L3 are utilized to rarer ott the exhaust trom the Worlim rjl'lindere. Ai the Stullhrl hex end et ear-h rjfl a Small port 2T in the dish' vfhirh ronununh Cates with one end olf the qv'nr une. and a pocliet 28 termed in the rv: uler dieali adjacent the hunhinggl. similar por?, Connertf the port il '-,vith a similar poeket 30. the Said porliet :2S and 30. being oi equal dimensione` and aren. and srnnnetrirallv fliepesed on either Side ot the vlinder bore. These ports 2T and 2t) are tor the purpose balanring' the iluid preSnure to u'hirh the C vlinder dissk fsubierted and the manner in which this is done will be pointed out inter in connection Vwith the dessrription of the operation.

Referring more partirularljv to Fig. it will he seen that the @einen 18 et the Ser eral units. tog-ether with the end platei` 3l. and are lirml;v Serured together h v means ot' the tluouglrholtsf-lf The eranl shatt il? iss supported at either end by the end platee` il and lilvthrougjh the intermediari' of the antitrirtion hall bearings Sli El. yThe eranli Filiali-5 further suppmtrrl and Sti. d b5' means: of intermediate hearings r( ne; metal Split dis 3:3 rfhifh rlanip the interme diate Shaft portions ljriugf i ei-connel red 'he cyl luder the Crank pin if. Th 4 rotate with the Granit ebelt. fire Supported lijf the vertiral Wehe S formed in the easing'. imll beurii'i s i 7 are interp'sed laetiveen, t e 'web 'ke so as practically to eliminate on.

f. ie chambers 2l and 23 are Connected by 'e pipes 38 and 39 to a suitable source ot ily and discharge, respectively.

While the 'ank angle is optional and may i200 se as; to obtain a, perfect mechani al ce, in the majority of cases I prefer to arrange the cranks as shown in Fig. 3, in

, which two of the cranks are :7i-LO apart while the third crank removed or set atan angle et 1680 from each of the other cranks. this@ arrangement, the same turning moment or toupie is obtained from the fifteen cylinders as ..rould be obtained were all the cylinderS radielly arranged around a center and each piston were connected to Operate on a common omnlr pin. lVhile the torque of the motor with the cranks arranged as shown in Fig. will he s ihstantially imit'orm, the renls vrillbe somewhat out of meehaniral balance, andt Whereas this arrangement might induce a vihratouv motion were the motore to be operated at veriv high speed. at nornal 0r lou' Speed the tendency toward vibration redueeS iteelt` to zero 'for all prartical iriurposes. and mayY be neglected.

'The operation of the motor herein de- Qrrihed is; aS tollmvs: Assuming lthat the pipe 38 (Fig. Q) is connected to a suitable mure-e u; fluid pressure supply. such as a pump. u-feiure tank. or Steam boiler, and the pipe is Connected to a discharge tank or other exhaust fluid immediately fills the interrfuruiiuuieating ehainhers 21 and acting' tous rotates the crank shatt and. mechanism ma)v be operatiran" runuretei.. hei-:31th. The piston l of the middle unit is lovin at the end ot its stroke and the ports` 19 and 2l are out of ric-ation with all of the stationary porn' Suoi as 20. i and 2G. Assume further that the crank pin il be moved a trifle to the lett or in a Countereloeluvise direction. The crank end of the piston rod 13 together `with the cylinder dislr 11 ivill follmv the Crank pin and in #so doing vvill Carry the port l?? into regieter with. the port '20, and the @vlinder port into register with the port 26. so thzt the upper side of the pieton l will he subjected to fluid pressure from the Chamber 2l. `while the louer side ot the pieton u'ill be open to the exhaust throupfh the chamber *23. The pressure artinol on top of the piston l ivill exert :i turn ingr etl'wt on the eranl-z Shaft 10. AS soon aS the rrank Shatthas turned through 1&0'J the pieton l vvill have rear-hed the end of its etrf'ilm and a further rotative i vement ot the euatt uill rorh or oseillate the cylinder dia-lq ll so that the ports lf) and 2l in the dish registri' with the Stationaijv exhaust and Supply ports 22 and '25 respectively. ,Fluid pressure non* enters the opposite end olf the cylinder bore l2 and drives the. piston in a reverse or upward direction, the upper end nf the cylinder here being open through With pressure chambers, and thel chambers 23 'as-1 exhaust chambers, the motor will I'Qtabe in an anti-clockwise direction, but by reversing l these connections, so that the chambers 23 become pressure chambers and the chambers 2l become exhaust chambers, the motor Will rotate in the opposite direction. This change over may be effected by means of a suitable valve exterior to the motor.

It will be observed that when pressure is acting upon the top of the piston 4t, it is also acting upon the bushing 16, so that there is no pressure whatever tending to produce friction between the cylinder disk and the bushing v16 surrounding it. Whenhpressure enters the port 24 and acts upon the lower surface of the piston, the pressure also acts upon the combined stalling box and piston rod guide l-l, tending to move it and the cylinder disk in a direction opposite to that of the piston and toward the crank shaft. It is the yfunction of the pockets 28 and 30 in connection with the ports 27 and 29, respectively, to compensate for this pressure, and the pockets are of such size and so designed that this tendency is exactly counterbalanced. It is evident that when pressure is admitted to the lower end of the cylinder bore 12, this pressure finds its way through` the ports 27 and 29, and into the pockets 28 and 30, respectively. As these pockets are similarly disposed about the axis of the cylinder bore re ardless of the angularity of the crank shat, any preure introduced simultaneously into both pockets exerts a resultant pressure tending'to carry the cylinder disk upwardly, the directionof said resultant pressure acting at all times along a line which coincides with the axis of the cylinder bore. By this arrangement I am enabled absolutely to balance each and every cylinder disk against fluid pressure, so that there will be practically no friction between the oscillating cylinders and their surrounding bushings regardless of fluid pressure conditions and speed.

It will be further observed that each piston exerts a driving force on a crank pin in a straight line, and, as the motor is perfectly balanced against fluid pressure, the eliiciency will be unusually high. The exchange of ports from pressure to exhaust and vice versa, takes place just when the cranks pass the dead center for each cylinder,. and this exchange provides a quick opening of the ports just at the time when a minimum amount of fluid is taken lin or vdischarged from the cylinders which is'of substantial practical value, particularly where the motor fluid is of an incompressible nature such as water or oil, since it prevents any choking action diie to a restricted flow of fluid.

A motor constructed according to my invention, using a pluralityl of oscillating cyll inders, will ldevelop lgreat power in a very small space. The usual cam oreccentric operatedy valves, together with innumerable valve operating parts are entirely dispensed with. are done awavwith, and the result is an extremely simple, compact and powerful Each part is sturdy and of simple design, and readily accessible for purposes of inspection or repair, and, owing to the almosten-tire absence of'friction, the eiiiciency will be high and the life of the motor long.

While I have described my invention as operating as a motor, it is obvious that the same will operate as a pump when the crank shaft is driven by a suitable motor. All of the advantages of the invention being equally pronounced whether the same be operated as a motor or a pump.

It will be understood that while I have shown a motor or pump constructed accord.- ing to a preferred form of my invention, I wish not toA be limited tothe precise construction and arrangement of parts herein set forth, since it is obvious that one skilled in the art could readily make various minor changes without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

That I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is 1. A fluid pressure motor comprising a plurality of units, each unit consisting of a substantially circular casing provided with a plurality of radially disposed circular bores, each bore containing an oscillating disk cylinder, a pressure and exhaust chamber located between each circular bore,l ports leading from said chambers to the disk cyllinders, means for connectingr said units t0- gether so that the exhaust and pressure chambers of one unit register with the correspondingexhaust and pressure chambers of the other units, and means for placing all of the exhaustchambers and the pressure chambers into communication with each other, respectively.

2. A fluid pressure motorcomprising a plurality of units, each unit consisting of a substantially circular casing `provided with a plurality of radially disposed circular bores. each bore containing an oscillating a disk cylinder, a pressure and exhaust chamber located between each circular bore, ports leading from sald chambers tothe disk cylinders, means for connecting said units to- All crossheads and connecting rods motor, having a very small number of parts. i

gether so, that the exhaust :ind pressure chambers otl one unit register with the corresponding' exhaust and pressure Chamb-ers of the other units.` mul menus Ceiuprisiug e. head or cover for the @using et one of the units for plzieing'the corresponding exhaust and pressure Chambers et all of the units iii corriuiunientiou u'ith euch other, respectively.

3. Affiuicl pressure motor Comprising a Casing', u pluralityY of circular bores in said Casing adapted to receive oscillating disk Cylinders pressure und exhaust Chambers located between euch circular bore. :i Casing" heeft adaptent to place all of said, pressure' und exhaust Lussem suifl circular bore, a' port leading from each chamber to the periphery of the cylinder disk7 and :i port in said disk adapted iter`- mately to register with the ports of said pressure sind exhaustehambers. y 5. A Huid pressure motor comprising casing, zucircuhtr bore in the casing, a tiek adapted to oseillate in said bore, a cylinder formed in the disk, vpressure, and exhaust chambers formed iu said casing on either side of said Circular bore, ports leading from each chamber to the peri'i'ihery-oi!2 said Cylinder disk, aud ports in said disk adapted ulteriuitelyto register with saitl Chamber ports during` the oscillation ot the cylinder disk.

In testimony whereof, I have signeclwmy name to this specitication in the presence of two subscribing Witnesses.

Mis Isfr serieel Tlitiiesses JAMES G. Brin-mm1, ERNEST L. (rALE, Jr. 

